DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.
Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
I. Statement (pernyataan)
II. Command (perintah)
III. Question (pertanyaan)
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct Indirect
Am/is/are - was/were
Shall/will - should/would
Can - could
2. Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct Indirect
now - then
tomorrow - the following day
next week - the following week
tonight - that night
today - that day
3. Tenses
Direct Indirect
Simple present - simple past
Simple past
- past perfect
Present perfect
Present continous - past continous
Present perfect continous - past perfect continous
Simple future - past future
1. statement
Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :
He said
He said to me that + reported words
He told me
- Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
- Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
- Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
2.command
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :
a. Positive Command
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :
to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me
- He asked me “Open your book”
- He asked me to open my book.
- Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”
- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
- Mother asked John “Pay attention to what I say”
- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.
b. Negative Command
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
- Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
- Mary told John not to wait for her.
- I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone”
- I told him not to mention it to anyone.
- Father asked her “Don’t go there alone”
- Father asked her not to go there alone.
3.question
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
Positive Form
He asked me where
When etc.
- The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- The man asked me where I lived.
- John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”
- John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
- I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
- I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.
- The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
- The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”
- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
- Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before.
- Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.
Direct & Indirect with Auxiliaries
Perhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Auxiliaries
Direct Indirect
Was/were - had been
can - could
may - might
must & have to - had to
must not - wasn’t to/musn’t
needn’t - didn’t have to
- Mary said :” I was sick yesterday.”
- Mary said that she had been sick the day before.
- The man asked me :” Can you speak English ?”
- The man asked me if I could speak English.
- Mary said to John :”You may come to my house tomorrow.”
- Mary said to John that she might come to his house the following day.
- Mother told John :”You must study harder if you want to pass the exam.”
- Mother told John that he had to study harder if he wanted to pass the exam.
REFERENSI:https://sites.google.com/site/grammarbahasainggris/direct-indirect-speech
